Proper old school piracy! by Gary Denham (CC BY-ND 2.0) https://flic.kr/p/8qqZcp

Proper old school piracy! by Gary Denham (CC BY-ND 2.0) https://flic.kr/p/8qqZcp

Columns

Why Canada is Now Home to Some of the Toughest Anti-Piracy Rules in the World…And What Should Come Next

Canada last overhauled its copyright law in 2012, bringing to a conclusion more than a decade of failed bills and lobbying pressure. The public debate over the Copyright Modernization Act was often framed by disputed claims that Canada was weak on piracy, with critics arguing that updated laws were needed to crack down on copyright infringement. As the government prepares to conduct a statutorily-mandated review of the law later this year, the landscape has shifted dramatically with court cases and industry data confirming that Canada is now home to some of the toughest anti-piracy rules in the world.

My Globe and Mail column notes that the change in Canadian law is best exemplified by a ruling last week from the Federal Court of Canada involving the sale and distribution of “modchips”, which can be used to circumvent digital controls on video game consoles. Nintendo filed a lawsuit against a modchip retailer in 2016, arguing that the distribution of modchips violated the law, even without any evidence of actual copying.

The federal court agreed, pointing to the 2012 anti-circumvention rules that largely mirror legal restrictions on by-passing copy and access controls found in the United States in awarding $12.7 million in damages. The court adopted an aggressive approach in interpreting the digital lock provisions, while also taking a narrow view of exceptions that were designed to safeguard legitimate reasons to circumvent such as interoperability of computer programs. If followed by other courts, the ruling could similarly restrict the applicability of privacy, security research, and access for the blind exceptions found in the law.

The decision is the latest in a growing line of cases in which Canadian courts have used the law to shut down cutting-edge technologies that have both infringing and non-infringing uses. Last year, the federal court issued sweeping injunctions against multiple distributors of set-top boxes that turn standard televisions into “smart TVs” by enabling users to access a wide range of video content found online. This includes authorized content such as YouTube, Netflix or other online video providers, as well as unauthorized streaming services that offer access to unlicensed content.

Canadian copyright law has also been used to shut down websites whose primary purpose is to enable infringement with rights holders relying on a first-of-its-kind “enabler provision” contained in the 2012 reforms. The provision appears to have worked as the U.S. government’s most recent report on notorious online markets makes no reference to Canada. Moreover, the Business Software Alliance reports that Canada is at its lowest software piracy rate ever, well below global and European averages.

Canadians have also demonstrated a willingness to pay for content online. Netflix had not even entered the Canadian market when the bill that led to the 2012 reforms was introduced, but it has since enjoyed explosive growth in Canada with more than half of English-language households subscribing to the video service. SOCAN, Canada’s largest music copyright collective, recently reported a 460 per cent increase in earnings from Internet music streaming services. In fact, even in the education sector, where critics have expressed frustration with fair dealing rules, spending on licensed access to digital materials runs into the hundreds of millions of dollars annually, far outpacing declines in copyright collective revenues.

If anything, the experience of the past five years suggests that the two ministers responsible for copyright – Innovation, Science and Economic Development Minister Navdeep Bains and Canadian Heritage Minister Melanie Joly – should be working to  tweak the law to address concerns involving misuse and restrictions on innovation.

The notice-and-notice system deployed by copyright owners to alert Internet users of alleged infringements has been widely misused with the inclusion in email notices of demands for settlements that were never envisioned by policy makers. Long overdue regulations to crack down on misleading notices would be an obvious step to address the problem.

Further, the absence of fair use may hamstring innovation as it leaves Canadian companies at a disadvantage when compared with innovative, fair use-based economies such as the United States, Israel, South Korea, and Singapore. When coupled with the restrictive digital lock rules that suffer from narrowly interpreted exceptions, many may find the current Canadian copyright law environment supportive of cracking down on infringement but lacking the flexibility needed for new creativity and innovation.

8 Comments

  1. Stephan Sokolow says:

    This only makes me more glad that I’ve taken a principled stance against this kind of nonsense. They can’t count me as a success or whine about my being a piracy statistic if I was already boycotting digital locks and organizations like the MPAA and the BSA and see no reason not to continue.

    For over a decade, I’ve been quite happy running only legit copies of DRM-free games, only FLOSS (Free, libre, and open-source) non-games (with grandfathered exceptions for my BIOS, my nVidia drivers, Flash, Skype, Dropbox, and Upwork Team), only watching non-indie movies when someone else was watching and I decided to sit down when I wandered by, etc.

    (It’s actually reached the point where I accidentally trained myself to consider film boringly slow and shallow compared to the used print novels I buy and “mainstream” software like Windows uncomfortably crippled and patronizing… and I wish more people would. It’d scare the hell out of copyright extremists.)

    • Derek Shaw says:

      Ditto here! been a decade since I ran a proprietary OS on a computer I own, or paid for the privilege of using crippled software. Artificial scarcity has no place in the digital economy. Can’t say I miss all those hollywood/bollywood/whatever blockbusters.

      There are also tons of epubs available, and you can donwload many from the library (when they are not too popular, or have not yet hit their “maximum number of uses” per license, imposed on public libraries. After books wear out and have to be replaced (or not), why should we not replicate that in the digital world?

      But you also have to be aware of how completely the publishers (and anyone with access to their systems, in the USA) track your reading habits when you check out non-epubs…

  2. John suede says:

    Stop advertising and we’ll stop downloading. We don’t want your ads, we never will. And we’ll stop at nothing to circumvent them. I’d pay for TV if there was decent content, no advertising, and on demand. But I don’t see that anywhere. Not even Netflix has those 3.

  3. Copyright does nothing for Canadians, or at least nothing worth doing. We ought to scrap the whole concept, to be honest. It’s just a means for other countries, primarily the USA, to rip us off. We could use some “Canada First” thinking.

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