In April 2003, Professor Michael Geist and the Telecommunications Standardization Bureau of the International Telecommunications Union launched a survey of all 189 ITU member states on the role of national governments within their domestic top-level domain. The survey featured questions on the current legal role of ccTLD administrators, ccTLD policies, and governmental involvement in national and international Internet governance issues. Fifty-six countries responded to the survey as of November 2003, representing every global region as well as a broad cross-section of developed and developing countries.